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EARLY ENGLAND. |
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make the concession for a thousand gold marks. So, when the rebellious Normans marched out of Rochester, they did so with colours lowered, and to the sound of the king's trumpets.
In the public expenditures made in the fifth year of Edward I (1276) there is payment to one named Robert, styled " King of the Minstrels," being chief of them, apparently, for military service,6 and in 1292, there is a Randolph, the king's trumpeter, who had also held a similar post under Henry III. In 1310, a charge is made, for Janino la Chevretter (bagpiper), Roger the Trumpeter, and Janino le Nakerer (kettle-drummer), all of them King's Minstrels, who are paid sixty shillings. The Minstrels of Edward III comprised five trumpeters, two clarions (small trumpets), five pipers, three waits (a kind of oboe) and four others,7 who held their appointments for life "by letters patent," each being paid sevenpence halfpenny daily, besides other rewards, such as in 1359, when forty pounds were given to the king's herald and his companions the minstrels for attending the tournament at Smithfield.8 King Henry V had seventeen minstrels at court, ten of whom were trumpeters. They accompanied him "with all his martial train" to France, and the part they played in England's glorious victories at |
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' Scott, " History of the British Army," 1868.
'Hawkins, "History of Music," 1776.
• " Brantingham Roll," 1370.
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